{"id":1584,"date":"2025-03-26T03:02:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T03:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/?p=1584"},"modified":"2025-09-11T03:26:45","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T03:26:45","slug":"phd-in-economics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/phd-in-economics\/","title":{"rendered":"PhD in Economics"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"title-heading\">Program Overview<\/h4>\n<p class=\"mb-15\">The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Economics at the Faculty of Finance and Administrative Sciences (FFAS) is designed to develop scholars and researchers with advanced expertise in economics. This program emphasizes the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical and innovative research skills to address complex, abstract, and contemporary issues in the global economic landscape.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mb-15\">The curriculum fosters a deep understanding of cutting-edge economic theories, models, and applications, enabling students to analyze critical challenges at both micro and macro levels. Graduates will be equipped to conduct high-impact research using advanced methodologies, innovative analytical tools, and digital technologies, contributing to the creation of new knowledge in economics.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mb-15\">The program also promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical research practices, and effective communication of findings to academic communities and society at large. Students will gain the ability to adapt to diverse working environments and networks, both locally and internationally, while maintaining accountability, professionalism, and socio-economic awareness.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, this PhD program prepares candidates to become thought leaders, policy advisors, and academicians capable of influencing economic development and innovation through rigorous research and lifelong learning.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Program Code<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PhD in Economics Online<\/li>\n<li>PhD in Economics On Campus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This program is accredited and certified by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) and the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA). Accreditation reference numbers are shown\u00a0below:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\"table-program\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 40%;\">Accreditation Body<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%;\">On Campus \/ Online<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)<\/td>\n<td>N\/314\/8\/0001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA)<\/td>\n<td>MQA\/PA0386<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Medium of Instruction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"title-heading\">Program Learning Outcomes<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Demonstrate a comprehensive, organized, and integrated abstract idea about the most critical issues in the most recent frontiers of economics.<\/li>\n<li>Apply innovative methodologies and analytical tools to solve complicated, abstract, and emergent contemporary issues in the field of economics.<\/li>\n<li>Perform the ability to design and adapt highly advanced research methodologies in economic specialization area.<\/li>\n<li>Work together and collaboratively with different people in learning, working communities as well as groups or networks locally and internationally.<\/li>\n<li>Communicate effectively research findings to peers, scholarly communities and society large in the economics field of expertise.<\/li>\n<li>Create novel, effective approaches to support and improve research activities using digital technologies and suitable software.<\/li>\n<li>Use numerical and graphical chats to analyze important evaluation data using quantitative or qualitative approaches for economics research.<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate significance autonomy and authority in conducting research to contribute new economics knowledge and practices.<\/li>\n<li>Integrate knowledge for lifelong learning with development of new ideas, solutions and systems through continuous academic and professional pathway.<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate accountability for the research&#8217;s management and greater awareness of socio political, economic, and cultural issues at the local, national, and international levels.<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate adhere to legal, professional and ethically sound codes of practice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"title-heading\">Entry Requirements<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%; border-radius: 16px 16px 0 0;\">On Campus &amp; Online<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-radius: 0 0 16px 16px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>A Master\u2019s degree (Level 7, MQF) in related fields as accepted by the HEP Senate; or<\/li>\n<li>A Master\u2019s degree (Level 7, MQF) in non-related fields as accepted by the HEP Senate, subject to having relevant working experience and rigorous internal assessment (may include tests, interviews or portfolio); or<\/li>\n<li>A Master\u2019s degree (Level 7, MQF) in non-related fields as accepted by the HEP Senate and without relevant working experience, subject to passing prerequisite courses; or<\/li>\n<li>Other qualifications equivalent to a Master\u2019s degree (Level 7, MQF) recognized by the Malaysian Government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>English Competency Requirement (International Student)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Candidates who wish to enter a program which medium of instruction is English language must pass the English Language Qualification (TOEFL: 30-31 \/ IELTS: 4.0 or equivalent) or achieve a minimum of Band 3 in MUET or equivalent to CEFR (Mid B2). Exemptions will be given subject to the University Senate\u2019s approval based on situations.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"title-heading\">Program Structure<\/h4>\n<p>The applicant may enroll in this programme under <strong>Structure A (Research)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Study Duration <\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table-small\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5rem;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Program Type<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Minimum\u00a0Duration<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Maximum\u00a0Duration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Full Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3 Years (6 Semesters)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">5 Years (10 Semesters)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Part Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">4 Years (8 Semesters)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7 Years (14 Semesters)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Details<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The applicant is required to complete a subject titled <em>Research Methodology<\/em> before commencing research work under the supervision of an academic staff member from the Postgraduate Studies Department.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"title-heading\">Career Prospects<\/h4>\n<p>University Professor, Senior Economist, Economic Policy Analyst, Chief Economist, Consultant in Economic and Development Projects &amp; other related career.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"title-heading\">Tuition Fees<\/h4>\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"corseName\" value=\"DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY(PHD) IN ECONOMICS\"\/><table class=\"responsive\" id=\"fee_table\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed;\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Learning Mode<\/th>\r\n<th>Program Type<\/th>\r\n<th>Local Student<\/th>\r\n<th>Foreign Student<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"currentCurrencyRate\" value=\"1\" \/>\r\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"currentCurrencySymbol\" value=\"MYR\" \/>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n@media only screen and (max-width: 840px) {\r\ntable.responsive {\r\nmargin-bottom: 0;\r\noverflow: hidden;\r\noverflow-x: scroll;\r\ndisplay: block;\r\nwhite-space: nowrap;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n$ = jQuery;\r\n$(document).ready(function() {\r\n    var courseName = $(\"#corseName\").val();\r\n    $.ajax({\r\n        type: \"GET\",\r\n        url: \"https:\/\/cms.mediu.edu.my\/office\/Lookup\/GetAllCourseByName?name=\" + courseName,\r\n        success: function(msg) {\r\n            $.each(msg, function(i, val) {\r\n            var tr = \"<tr><td>\" + val.ModeLearning + \"<\/td><td>\" + val.Workload + \"<\/td><td>MYR \" + parseFloat(val.LocalFee).toFixed(2).replace(\/(\\d)(?=(\\d{3})+\\.)\/g, \"$1,\") + \"<\/td><td>MYR \" + parseFloat(val.InternationalFee).toFixed(2).replace(\/(\\d)(?=(\\d{3})+\\.)\/g, \"$1,\") + \"<\/td><\/tr>\";\r\n                $(\"#fee_table\").append(tr);\r\n            });\r\n        },\r\n        dataType: \"json\"\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    $.ajax({\r\n        type: \"GET\",\r\n        url: \"https:\/\/cms.mediu.edu.my\/office\/Lookup\/GetAllCurrencyRate\",\r\n        success: function(msg) {\r\n            $.each(msg.quotes, function(key, val) {\r\n                if (key == \"USDMYR\") {\r\n                    $(\"#currentCurrencyRate\").val(val);\r\n                }\r\n                var symbol = key.substr(3, 3);\r\n                var opt2 = \"<option value='\" + val + \"|\" + symbol + \"' title='\" + key + \"'>\" + getCurrencyName(key) + \"<\/option>\"\r\n                $(\"#other_currency_list\").append(opt2);\r\n            });\r\n        },\r\n        dataType: \"json\"\r\n    });\r\n});\r\n\r\n$(\"#other_currency_list\").change(function() {\r\n    var value = $('#other_currency_list option:selected').val();\r\n    if (value != 0) {\r\n        var getValue = value.split('|');\r\n        var currentRate = $(\"#currentCurrencyRate\").val();\r\n        var rows = $(\"#fee_table tbody tr\").each(function(index) {\r\n            var cells = $(this).find(\"td\");\r\n            var val1 = $(cells[3]).html().replace(',','');\r\n            var val2 = $(cells[5]).html().replace(',', '');\r\n            $(cells[2]).html(getValue[1]);\r\n            $(cells[3]).html(calculate(parseFloat(currentRate), parseFloat(getValue[0]), parseFloat(val1)));\r\n            $(cells[4]).html(getValue[1]);\r\n            $(cells[5]).html(calculate(parseFloat(currentRate), parseFloat(getValue[0]), parseFloat(val2)));\r\n            $(\"#currentCurrencyRate\").val(value);\r\n        });\r\n    }\r\n});\r\n\r\nfunction calculate(currentRate,newRate,amount){\r\n    var total = (amount * newRate)\/currentRate;\r\n    return total.toFixed(2).replace(\/(\\d)(?=(\\d{3})+\\.)\/g, \"$1,\");\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction getCurrencyName(val) {\r\n    switch (val) {\r\n    case \"USDAED\":\r\n        return \"United Arab Emirates Dirham\";\r\n    case \"USDAFN\":\r\n        return \"Afghan Afghani\";\r\n    case \"USDALL\":\r\n        return \"Albanian Lek\";\r\n    case \"USDAMD\":\r\n        return \"Armenian Dram\";\r\n    case \"USDANG\":\r\n        return \"Netherlands Antillean Guilder\";\r\n    case \"USDAOA\":\r\n        return \"Angolan Kwanza\";\r\n    case \"USDARS\":\r\n        return \"Argentine Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDAUD\":\r\n        return \"Australian Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDAWG\":\r\n        return \"Aruban Florin\";\r\n    case \"USDAZN\":\r\n        return \"Azerbaijani Manat\";\r\n    case \"USDBAM\":\r\n        return \"Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark\";\r\n    case \"USDBBD\":\r\n        return \"Barbadian Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDBDT\":\r\n        return \"Bangladeshi Taka\";\r\n    case \"USDBGN\":\r\n        return \"Bulgarian Lev\";\r\n    case \"USDBHD\":\r\n        return \"Bahraini Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDBIF\":\r\n        return \"Burundian Franc\";\r\n    case \"USDBMD\":\r\n        return \"Bermudan Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDBND\":\r\n        return \"Brunei Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDBOB\":\r\n        return \"Bolivian Boliviano\";\r\n    case \"USDBRL\":\r\n        return \"Brazilian Real\";\r\n    case \"USDBSD\":\r\n        return \"Bahamian Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDBTC\":\r\n        return \"Bitcoin\";\r\n    case \"USDBTN\":\r\n        return \"Bhutanese Ngultrum\";\r\n    case \"USDBWP\":\r\n        return \"Botswanan Pula\";\r\n    case \"USDBYN\":\r\n        return \"Belarusian Ruble\";\r\n    case \"USDBYR\":\r\n        return \"Belarusian Ruble\";\r\n    case \"USDBZD\":\r\n        return \"Belize Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDCAD\":\r\n        return \"Canadian Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDCDF\":\r\n        return \"Congolese Franc\";\r\n    case \"USDCHF\":\r\n        return \"Swiss Franc\";\r\n    case \"USDCLF\":\r\n        return \"Chilean Unit of Account (UF)\";\r\n    case \"USDCLP\":\r\n        return \"Chilean Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDCNY\":\r\n        return \"Chinese Yuan\";\r\n    case \"USDCOP\":\r\n        return \"Colombian Peso\"; \r\n    case \"USDCRC\":\r\n        return \"Costa Rican Colon\";\r\n    case \"USDCUC\":\r\n        return \"Cuba Convertible Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDCUP\":\r\n        return \"Cuban Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDCVE\":\r\n        return \"Cape Verdean Escudo\";\r\n    case \"USDCZK\":\r\n        return \"Czech Republic Koruna\";\r\n    case \"USDDJF\":\r\n        return \"Djiboutian Franc\";\r\n    case \"USDDKK\":\r\n        return \"Danish Krone\";\r\n    case \"USDDOP\":\r\n        return \"Dominican Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDDZD\":\r\n        return \"Algerian Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDEEK\":\r\n        return \"Estonian Kroon\";\r\n    case \"USDEGP\":\r\n        return \"Egyptian Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDERN\":\r\n        return \"Eritrean Nakfa\";\r\n    case \"USDETB\":\r\n        return \"Ethiopian Birr\";\r\n    case \"USDEUR\":\r\n        return \"Euro\";\r\n    case \"USDFJD\":\r\n        return \"Fijian Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDFKP\":\r\n        return \"Falkland Islands Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDGBP\":\r\n        return \"British Pound Sterling\";\r\n    case \"USDGEL\":\r\n        return \"Georgian Lari\";\r\n    case \"USDGGP\":\r\n        return \"Guernsey Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDGHS\":\r\n        return \"Ghanaian Cedi\";\r\n    case \"USDGIP\":\r\n        return \"Gibraltar Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDGMD\":\r\n        return \"Gambian Dalasi\";\r\n    case \"USDGNF\":\r\n        return \"Guinean Franc\";\r\n    case \"USDGTQ\":\r\n        return \"Guatemalan Quetzal\";\r\n    case \"USDGYD\":\r\n        return \"Guyanaese Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDHKD\":\r\n        return \"Hong Kong Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDHNL\":\r\n        return \"Honduran Lempira\";\r\n    case \"USDHRK\":\r\n        return \"Croatian Kuna\";\r\n    case \"USDHTG\":\r\n        return \"Haitian Gourde\";\r\n    case \"USDHUF\":\r\n        return \"Hungarian Forint\";\r\n    case \"USDIDR\":\r\n        return \"Indonesian Rupiah\";\r\n    case \"USDILS\":\r\n        return \"Israeli New Sheqel\";\r\n    case \"USDIMP\":\r\n        return \"Manx pound\";\r\n    case \"USDINR\":\r\n        return \"Indian Rupee\";\r\n    case \"USDIQD\":\r\n        return \"Iraqi Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDIRR\":\r\n        return \"Iranian Rial\";\r\n    case \"USDISK\":\r\n        return \"Icelandic Krona\";\r\n    case \"USDJEP\":\r\n        return \"Jersey Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDJMD\":\r\n        return \"Jamaican Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDJOD\":\r\n        return \"Jordanian Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDJPY\":\r\n        return \"Japanese Yen\";\r\n    case \"USDKES\":\r\n        return \"Kenyan Shilling\";\r\n    case \"USDKGS\":\r\n        return \"Kyrgystani Som\";\r\n    case \"USDKHR\":\r\n        return \"Cambodian Riel\";\r\n    case \"USDKMF\":\r\n        return \"Comorian Franc\";\r\n    case \"USDKPW\":\r\n        return \"North Korean Won\";\r\n    case \"USDKRW\":\r\n        return \"South Korean Won\";\r\n    case \"USDKWD\":\r\n        return \"Kuwaiti Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDKYD\":\r\n        return \"Cayman Islands Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDKZT\":\r\n        return \"Kazakhstani Tenge\";\r\n    case \"USDLAK\":\r\n        return \"Laotian Kip\";\r\n    case \"USDLBP\":\r\n        return \"Lebanese Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDLKR\":\r\n        return \"Sri Lankan Rupee\";\r\n    case \"USDLRD\":\r\n        return \"Liberian Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDLSL\":\r\n        return \"Lesotho Loti\";\r\n    case \"USDLTL\":\r\n        return \"Lithuanian Litas\";\r\n    case \"USDLVL\":\r\n        return \"Latvian Lats\";\r\n    case \"USDLYD\":\r\n        return \"Libyan Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDMAD\":\r\n        return \"Moroccan Dirham\";\r\n    case \"USDMDL\":\r\n        return \"Moldovan Leu\";\r\n    case \"USDMGA\":\r\n        return \"Malagasy Ariary\";\r\n    case \"USDMKD\":\r\n        return \"Macedonian Denar\";\r\n    case \"USDMMK\":\r\n        return \"Myanma Kyat\";\r\n    case \"USDMNT\":\r\n        return \"Mongolian Tugrik\";\r\n    case \"USDMOP\":\r\n        return \"Macanese Pataca\";\r\n    case \"USDMRO\":\r\n        return \"Mauritanian Ouguiya\";\r\n    case \"USDMUR\":\r\n        return \"Mauritian Rupee\";\r\n    case \"USDMVR\":\r\n        return \"Maldivian Rufiyaa\";\r\n    case \"USDMWK\":\r\n        return \"Malawian Kwacha\";\r\n    case \"USDMXN\":\r\n        return \"Mexican Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDMYR\":\r\n        return \"Malaysian Ringgit\";\r\n    case \"USDMZN\":\r\n        return \"Mozambican Metical\";\r\n    case \"USDNAD\":\r\n        return \"Namibian Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDNGN\":\r\n        return \"Nigerian Naira\";\r\n    case \"USDNIO\":\r\n        return \"Nicaraguan Cordoba\";\r\n    case \"USDNOK\":\r\n        return \"Norwegian Krone\";\r\n    case \"USDNPR\":\r\n        return \"Nepalese Rupee\";\r\n    case \"USDNZD\":\r\n        return \"New Zealand Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDOMR\":\r\n        return \"Omani Rial\";\r\n    case \"USDPAB\":\r\n        return \"Panamanian Balboa\";\r\n    case \"USDPEN\":\r\n        return \"Peruvian Nuevo Sol\";\r\n    case \"USDPGK\":\r\n        return \"Papua New Guinean Kina\";\r\n    case \"USDPHP\":\r\n        return \"Philippine Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDPKR\":\r\n        return \"Pakistani Rupee\";\r\n    case \"USDPLN\":\r\n        return \"Polish Zloty\";\r\n    case \"USDPYG\":\r\n        return \"Paraguayan Guarani\";\r\n    case \"USDQAR\":\r\n        return \"Qatari Rial\";\r\n    case \"USDRON\":\r\n        return \"Romanian Leu\";\r\n    case \"USDRSD\":\r\n        return \"Serbian Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDRUB\":\r\n        return \"Russian Ruble\";\r\n    case \"USDRWF\":\r\n        return \"Rwandan Franc\";       \r\n    case \"USDSAR\":\r\n        return \"Saudi Riyal\";\r\n    case \"USDSBD\":\r\n        return \"Solomon Islands Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDSCR\":\r\n        return \"Seychellois Rupee\";\r\n    case \"USDSDG\":\r\n        return \"Sudanese Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDSEK\":\r\n        return \"Swedish Krona\";\r\n    case \"USDSGD\":\r\n        return \"Singapore Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDSHP\":\r\n        return \"Saint Helena Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDSLL\":\r\n        return \"Sierra Leonean Leone\";\r\n    case \"USDSOS\":\r\n        return \"Somali Shilling\";\r\n    case \"USDSRD\":\r\n        return \"Surinamese Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDSTD\":\r\n        return \"Sao Tome and Pr\u064ancipe Dobra\";\r\n    case \"USDSVC\":\r\n        return \"Salvadoran Colon\";\r\n    case \"USDSYP\":\r\n        return \"Syrian Pound\";\r\n    case \"USDSZL\":\r\n        return \"Swazi Lilangeni\";\r\n    case \"USDTHB\":\r\n        return \"Thai Baht\";\r\n    case \"USDTJS\":\r\n        return \"Tajikistani Somoni\";\r\n    case \"USDTMT\":\r\n        return \"Turkmenistani Manat\";\r\n    case \"USDTND\":\r\n        return \"Tunisian Dinar\";\r\n    case \"USDTOP\":\r\n        return \"Tongan Pa anga\";\r\n    case \"USDTRY\":\r\n        return \"Turkish Lira\";\r\n    case \"USDTTD\":\r\n        return \"Trinidad and Tobago Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDTWD\":\r\n        return \"New Taiwan Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDTZS\":\r\n        return \"Tanzanian Shilling\";\r\n    case \"USDUAH\":\r\n        return \"Ukrainian Hryvnia\";\r\n    case \"USDUGX\":\r\n        return \"Ugandan Shilling\";\r\n    case \"USDUSD\":\r\n        return \"United States Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDUYU\":\r\n        return \"Uruguayan Peso\";\r\n    case \"USDUZS\":\r\n        return \"Uzbekistan Som\";\r\n    case \"USDVEF\":\r\n        return \"Venezuelan Bol\u064avar\";\r\n    case \"USDVND\":\r\n        return \"Vietnamese Dong\";\r\n    case \"USDVUV\":\r\n        return \"Vanuatu Vatu\";\r\n    case \"USDWST\":\r\n        return \"Samoan Tala\";\r\n    case \"USDXAF\":\r\n        return \"CFA Franc BEAC\";\r\n    case \"USDXAG\":\r\n        return \"Silver (troy ounce)\";\r\n    case \"USDXAU\":\r\n        return \"Gold (troy ounce)\";\r\n    case \"USDXCD\":\r\n        return \"East Caribbean Dollar\";\r\n    case \"USDXDR\":\r\n        return \"Special Drawing Rights\";\r\n    case \"USDXOF\":\r\n        return \"CFA Franc BCEAO\";\r\n    case \"USDXPF\":\r\n        return \"CFP Franc\";\r\n    case \"USDYER\":\r\n        return \"Yemeni Rial\";\r\n    case \"USDZAR\":\r\n        return \"South African Rand\";\r\n    case \"USDZMK\":\r\n        return \"Zambian Kwacha (pre-2013)\";\r\n    case \"USDZMW\":\r\n        return \"Zambian Kwacha\";\r\n    case \"USDZWL\":\r\n        return \"Zimbabwean Dollar\";\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For international students studying On Campus (OC) mode, Visa Fees and University Bond fees are excluded.<\/li>\n<li>Visa Fees &amp; University Bond fees costs around RM5,120 it depends on the student\u2019s nationality.<\/li>\n<li>All fees are subjected to change at the University\u2019s discretion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Program Overview The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Economics at the Faculty of Finance and Administrative Sciences (FFAS) is designed to develop scholars and researchers with advanced expertise in economics. This program emphasizes the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical and innovative research skills to address complex, abstract, and contemporary issues in the global economic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":63,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phd-programs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/users\/85"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1584"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2747,"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions\/2747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/media\/63"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ffas.mediu.edu.my\/wpe-api-json\/route\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}